View AN569_8455369.PDF datasheet online --- IC-ON-LINE

Datasheet File OCR Text:

rev. 0.3 2/13 copyright ? 2013 by silicon laboratories AN569 AN569 si4831/35/36/20/24/25-d emo b oard t est p rocedure 1. introduction this document describes the test procedures for the si4831/35/36/20/24/25-demo am /fm/sw tuner board. it is also intended to enable cust omers to exactly replicate s ilicon laboratories? test envi ronment so that variances in customers? and silicon laborat ories? measured results can be accurate ly compared. this document covers fm, am, and sw tests for the si4831/20 and si4835/36/24/25 receiver. the si4831/35/36/20/24/25-demo board provides a platform to test and o perate the si4831/35 /36/20/24/25 tuner. refer to the si4831/35/36/20/24/25 demo board user's guide for the operation details of the demo board. 2. fm tuner testing setup 2.1. fm common setup fm tuner standard configuration: ?? tune exactly to 98.0 mhz; see the si4831/35/36/ 20/24/25 demo board user's guide for details. ?? set volume to maximum unless otherwise specified. ?? ensure cable length between the generator and antenna input is as short as possible. figure 1. fm tuner setup with one generator
!
"# "# $-$ () *+, *+, ' (#)
AN569 2 rev. 0.3 figure 2. fm tuner setup with two generators fm tuner test equipment lists: ?? rohde & schwarz upl audio analyzer. ?? rohde &schwarz sml01 signal generator ?? mini-circuits power combiner 2.2. fm tuner t esting considerations several issues must be considered to make accura te measurements. first, the power combiner and cable lo sses must be calibrated and factored into each measurement. the loss for the mini-circuit power comb iner is approximately 6 db. second, most signal generators display the voltage gene rated at the input of the device under test (dut), assuming an input resistance of 50 ? . for example, if the signal generator displays vl = 1 v (0 db v), the generator source voltage vs is 2 v (6 db v). the load voltage vl is generated from the source voltage vs by the voltage divider created by the 50 ? generator source resistance rs and the 50 ? load resistance rl. this distinction is important on ly for sensitivity, and ip 3, which are specified in v emf*, where emf refers to the source voltage vs. measurements such as am suppression, selectivity, and spuri ous response are relative and may be referenced using vs or vl. to summarize, the generator displays the voltage at the input of the dut. input impedance for the si4831/35/36/20/24/ 25 fm tuner is high, so to convert the value displayed on the signal generator to emf, double the voltage (add 6 db). *note: emf = electro motive force ! "# "#

$ "%& *+, *+,
$-$ () ' (#)
AN569 rev. 0.3 3 3. fm testing procedure 3.1. fm tuning frequency range 3.1.1. description the test checks the lowest possible t uning frequency and the highest possible tuning frequency of si4831/35/36/ 20/24/25 fm receiver. 3.1.2. conditions/procedure 1. connect test equipment as shown in figure 1. 2. configure the tuner in standard configuration. 3. configure the audio analyzer: a. select analyze. b. set function = thd+n/sinad. i. set measurement mode = sinad. ii. set unit = db. iii. set filter = a-weighting. iv. set frequency limit low = 300 hz. v. set frequency limit high = 15000 hz. 4. configure generator: a. set rf level = 0 db v. b. select fm modulation. i. set fm deviation = 22.5 khz. ii. set source = lfgen. iii. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. c. enable modulation. d. enable carrier. 5. slide band switch to select fm1 band for testing. 6. turn tuning wheel to the lowest possible position. 7. adjust signal generator rf (by 10 khz step), un til the measured sinad reaches maximum level. record this rf frequency as the lowest tuning frequency fmin. 8. repeat for highest tuning frequency point fmax. 9. repeat for other fm band testing. 3.1.3. pass criteria the fm tuning frequency range should be the fm band frequency range. refer to the si4831/35/36/20/24/25 demo board user's guide.
AN569 4 rev. 0.3 3.2. fm sensitivity 3.2.1. description determine input level in dbvemf to resu lt in 26 db sinad in mono rx mode. 3.2.2. conditions/procedure 1. connect test equipment as shown in figure 1. 2. configure the tuner in standard configuration. 3. configure the audio analyzer: a. select analyze. b. set function = thd+n/sinad. i. set measurement mode = sinad. ii. set unit = db. iii. set filter = a-weighting. iv. set frequency limit low = 300 hz. v. set frequency limit high = 15000 hz. 4. configure generator: a. set carrier frequency = 98 mhz. b. select fm modulation. i. set fm deviation = 22.5 khz. ii. set source = lfgen. iii. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. c. enable modulation. d. enable carrier. 5. adjust generator rf level, vrf0, until audio analyzer sinad = 26 db 1 db. 6. sensitivity (db vemf) = vrf0. 3.2.3. pass criteria fm sensitivity should be below 10 dbvemf.
AN569 rev. 0.3 5 3.3. fm image rejection 3.3.1. description the test measures the fm image rejection of the tuner. 3.3.2. conditions/procedure 1. connect test equipment as shown in figure 1. 2. configure the tuner in standard configuration. 3. configure the audio analyzer: a. select analyze. b. set function = thd+n/sinad. i. set measurement mode = sinad. ii. set unit = db. iii. set filter = a-weighting. iv. set frequency limit low = 300 hz. v. set frequency limit high = 15000 hz. 4. configure generator: a. set carrier frequency = 98 mhz. b. select fm modulation. i. set fm deviation = 22.5 khz. ii. set source = lfgen. iii. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. c. enable modulation. d. enable carrier. 5. adjust generator rf level, vrf1, until audio analyzer sinad = 26 db 1 db. 6. record the rf level = vrf1. 7. change generator carrier frequency to 97.744 mhz 8. adjust generator rf level*, vrf2, until audio analyzer sinad = 26 db 1 db. 9. image rejection (db) = vrf2 ? vrf1. note: maximum rf level setting for the r&s sml01 signal generator is 120 db v. you cannot increase the rf level beyond this value. if you adjust generat or rf level from vrf1 to 120 db v, the audio analyzer sinad still can not get to the sinad = 26 db 1 db, and your image rejection will be better than 120 db v ? vrf1. 3.3.3. pass criteria fm image rejection should be more than 40 db.
AN569 6 rev. 0.3 3.4. fm selectivity ?3 db 3.4.1. description the test measures the fm frequency offset range to the tuned station when output audio level drops by 3 db. 3.4.2. conditions/procedure 1. connect test equipment as shown in figure 1. 2. configure the tuner in standard configuration. 3. configure the audio analyzer: a. select analyze. b. set function = thd+n/sinad. i. set measurement mode = sinad. ii. set unit = db. iii. set filter = a-weighting. iv. set frequency limit low = 300 hz. v. set frequency limit high = 15000 hz. 4. configure generator: a. set carrier frequency = 98 mhz. b. set rf level = 40 db v. c. select fm modulation. i. set fm deviation = 22.5 khz. ii. set source = lfgen. iii. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. d. enable modulation. e. enable carrier. 5. record the audio output level (dbv) = vaudio0. 6. raise the signal generator rf frequency fh, until audio output level vaudio1 = vaudio0?3. 7. lower the signal generator rf frequency fl, until audio output level vaudio1 = vaudio0?3. 8. selectivity ?3 db (khz) = fh ? fl. 3.4.3. pass criteria fm selectivity for ?3db audio level difference should be between 40 khz and 100 khz.
AN569 rev. 0.3 7 3.5. fm limiting ?3 db 3.5.1. description the test measures the rf input level when audio output level drops by 3 db from the standard level. 3.5.2. conditions/procedure 1. connect test equipment as shown in figure 1. 2. configure the tuner in standard configuration. 3. configure the audio analyzer: a. select analyze. b. set function = thd+n/sinad. i. set measurement mode = sinad. ii. set unit = db. iii. set filter = a-weighting. iv. set frequency limit low = 300 hz. v. set frequency limit high = 15000 hz. 4. configure generator: a. set carrier frequency = 98 mhz. b. set rf level = 94 db v. c. select fm modulation. i. set fm deviation = 22.5 khz. ii. set source = lfgen. iii. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. d. enable modulation. e. enable carrier. 5. record the audio output level (dbv) = vaudio0. 6. adjust the signal generator rf level vrf0, until audio output level vaudio1 = vaudio0?3. 7. fm limiting ?3 db (dbv) = vrf0. 3.5.3. pass criteria fm limiting sensitivity for ?3 db audio level drop should be no more than 3 dbv.
AN569 8 rev. 0.3 3.6. fm audio frequency response 3.6.1. description audio frequency response is the measure of linearity of ou tput voltage vs. modulation frequency across the audio band. 3.6.2. conditions/procedure 1. connect test equipment as shown in figure 1. 2. configure the tuner in standard configuration. 3. configure the audio analyzer: a. select analyze. b. set function = rms select. i. set bandwidth = bp 3%. ii. set units = dbv. iii. set frequency mode = fix: 1 khz. 4. configure generator: a. set carrier frequency = 98 mhz. b. set rf level = 60 db v. c. select stereo modulation. i. set fm deviation = 10.5 khz. ii. set l = r. iii. set source = lfgen. iv. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. v. set pre-emphasis = 75 s. vi. set pilot = on. vii. set pilot deviation = 6.75 khz. d. enable modulation. e. enable carrier. 5. audio 1 khz level (dbv) = v1 khz. 6. configure audio analyzer frequency mode through rms select function. set frequency mode = fix: 30 hz. 7. configure generator lfgen frequency = 30 hz. 8. audio 30 hz level (dbv) = v30 hz. 9. configure audio analyzer frequency mode through rms select function. set frequency mode = fix: 15 khz. 10. configure generator lfgen frequency = 15 khz. 11. audio 15 khz level (dbv) = v15 khz. 12. audio frequency response (db) equals the great er magnitude of (v30 hz ? v1 khz) and (v15 khz ? v1 khz). note: if you test the band with de-emphasis 50 s, you should set pre-emphasis = 50 s. 3.6.3. pass criteria the greater magnitude of (v30 hz ? v1 khz) and (v 15 khz ? v1 khz) should be no more than 3 db.
AN569 rev. 0.3 9 3.7. fm stereo separation 3.7.1. description the test quantifies leakage or crosstalk from one channel to another in stereo mode. 3.7.2. conditions/procedure 1. connect test equipment as shown in figure 1. 2. configure the tuner in standard configuration. 3. configure the audio analyzer: a. select analyze. b. set function = rms select. i. set bandwidth = bp 3%. ii. set units = dbv. iii. set frequency mode = fix: 1 khz. 4. configure generator: a. set carrier frequency = 98 mhz. b. set rf level = 60 db v. c. select stereo modulation. i. set fm deviation = 67.5 khz. ii. set l = 1, r = 0. iii. set source = lfgen. iv. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. v. set pre-emphasis = 75 s. vi. set pilot = on. vii. set pilot deviation = 6.75 khz. d. enable modulation. e. enable carrier. 5. left channel audio level (dbv) = vaudiol1. 6. right channel audio level (dbv) = vaudior1. 7. record the audio stereo separation1 (db) = abs (vaudiol1 ? vaudior1). 8. configure generator: a. set carrier frequency = 98 mhz. b. set rf level = 60 db v. c. select stereo modulation. i. set fm deviation = 67.5 khz. ii. set l = 0, r = 1. iii. set source = lfgen. iv. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. v. set pre-emphasis = 75 s. vi. set pilot = on. vii. set pilot deviation = 6.75 khz. d. enable modulation. e. enable carrier. 9. left channel audio level (dbv) = vaudiol2. 10. right channel audio level (dbv) = vaudior2.
AN569 10 rev. 0.3 11. record the audio stereo separati on2 (db) = abs (vaudiol2?vaudior2). 12. audio stereo separation (db) = minimum (audio stereo separation1, audio stereo separation2) 3.7.3. pass criteria fm stereo separation should be greater than 32 db. 3.8. fm audio l/r imbalance 3.8.1. description the test measures the gain/level imbalance between l and r channels in stereo mode. 3.8.2. conditions/procedure 1. connect test equipment as shown in figure 1. 2. configure the tuner in standard configuration. 3. configure the audio analyzer: a. select analyze. b. set function = rms select. i. set bandwidth = bp 3%. ii. set units = dbv. iii. set frequency mode = fix: 1 khz. 4. configure generator: a. set carrier frequency = 98 mhz. b. set rf level = 60 db v. c. select fm modulation. i. set fm deviation = 75 khz. ii. set rf level = 60 db v. iii. set source = lfgen. iv. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. d. enable modulation. e. enable carrier. 5. left channel audio level (dbv) = vaudiol. 6. right channel audio level (dbv) = vaudior. 7. audio l/r imbalance (db) = abs (vaudiol ? vaudior). 3.8.3. pass criteria fm audio l/r imbalance should be no more than 1 db.
AN569 rev. 0.3 11 3.9. fm tuning indicator sensitivity 3.9.1. description the test measures the needed rf input level to turn on the tuning indicator. 3.9.2. conditions/procedure 1. connect test equipment as shown in figure 1. 2. configure the tuner in standard configuration. 3. configure the audio analyzer: a. select analyze. b. set function = thd+n/sinad. i. set measurement mode = sinad. ii. set unit = db. iii. set filter = a-weighting. iv. set frequency limit low = 300 hz. v. set frequency limit high = 15000 hz. 4. configure generator: a. set carrier frequency = 98 mhz. b. set rf level = 60 db v. c. select fm modulation. i. set fm deviation = 22.5 khz. ii. set source = lfgen. iii. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. d. enable modulation. e. enable carrier. 5. decrease signal generator rf level until the tuning indicator turns off. 6. increase signal generator rf level vrf0 from low to high until tuning indicator turns on. 7. fm tuning indicator sensitivity = vrf0. 3.9.3. pass criteria fm tuning indicator sensitivity should be no more than 15 dbv.
AN569 12 rev. 0.3 3.10. fm stereo indicator sensitivity 3.10.1. description the test measures the needed rf input level to turn on the stereo indicator. 3.10.2. conditions/procedure 1. connect test equipment as shown in figure 1. 2. configure the tuner in standard configuration. 3. configure the audio analyzer: a. select analyze. b. set function = thd+n/sinad. i. set measurement mode = sinad. ii. set unit = db. iii. set filter = a-weighting. iv. set frequency limit low = 300 hz. v. set frequency limit high = 15000 hz. 4. configure generator: a. set carrier frequency = 98 mhz. b. set rf level = 60 db v. c. select stereo modulation. i. set fm deviation = 22.5 khz. ii. set l = 1, r = 1. iii. set source = lfgen. iv. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. v. set pre-emphasis = 75 s. vi. set pilot = on. vii. .set pilot deviation = 6.75 khz. d. enable modulation. e. enable carrier. 5. decrease signal generator rf level until the tuning indicator turns off. 6. increase signal generator rf level vrf0 from low to high until stereo indicator turns on. 7. fm stereo indicator sensitivity = vrf0. 3.10.3. pass criteria fm stereo indicator sensitivity should be 18~22 dbv for bands with an fm stereo indicator threshold of 6 db separation at 20 dbv rf input. fm stereo indicator sensitivity should be 26~30 dbv fo r bands with an fm stereo indicator threshold of 12 db separation at 28 dbv rf input.
AN569 rev. 0.3 13 3.11. fm mono distortion 3.11.1. description the test measures thd in fm mono mode with a fixed, moderate input signal strength. 3.11.2. conditions/procedure 1. connect test equipment as shown in figure 1. 2. configure the tuner in standard configuration. 3. configure the audio analyzer: a. select analyze. b. set function = thd. i. set measurement mode = all di (all harmonics). ii. select unit = %. 4. 4. configure generator: a. set carrier frequency = 98 mhz. b. select fm modulation. i. set fm deviation = 75 khz. ii. set rf level = 60 db v. iii. set source = lfgen. iv. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. c. enable modulation. d. enable carrier. 5. adjust volume control wheel to get audio output level rms = ?20 dbv. 6. record thd (%). 3.11.3. pass criteria fm mono distortion should be no more than 0.5%.
AN569 14 rev. 0.3 3.12. fm mono snr 3.12.1. description the test measures signal to noise ratio in fm mono mode at a fixed, moderate input signal strength. 3.12.2. conditions/procedure 1. connect test equipment as shown in figure 1. 2. configure the tuner in standard configuration. 3. configure the audio analyzer: a. select analyze. b. set function = thd+n/sinad. i. set measurement mode = noise. ii. set unit = db. iii. set filter = a-weighting. iv. set frequency limit low = 300 hz. v. set frequency limit high = 15000 hz. 4. configure generator: a. set carrier frequency = 98 mhz. b. set rf level = 60 db v. c. select fm modulation. i. set fm deviation = 22.5 khz. ii. set source = lfgen. iii. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. d. enable modulation. e. enable carrier. 5. record snr (db) = noise (db). 3.12.3. pass criteria fm snr should be more than 55 db.
AN569 rev. 0.3 15 3.13. fm radio am suppression 3.13.1. description the test quantifies am suppression by measuring t he difference at the audio output between fm and am modulated input signals. 3.13.2. conditions/procedure 1. connect test equipment as shown in figure 1. 2. configure the tuner in standard configuration. 3. configure the audio analyzer: a. select analyze. b. set function = rms select. i. set bandwidth = bp 3%. ii. set units = dbv. iii. set frequency mode = fix: 1 khz. 4. configure generator: a. set carrier frequency = 98 mhz. b. set rf level = 60 db v. c. select fm modulation. i. set fm deviation = 22.5 khz. ii. set source = lfgen. iii. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. d. enable modulation. e. enable carrier. 5. record the audio level, vaudio0. 6. turn off generator fm modulation. 7. configure generator: a. set carrier frequency = 98 mhz. b. set rf level = 60 db v. c. select am modulation. i. set depth = 30%. ii. set source = lfgen. iii. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. d. enable modulation. e. enable carrier. 8. record the audio level, vaudio1. 9. am suppression (db) = vaudio0 ? vaudio1. 3.13.3. pass criteria: fm radio am suppression should be more than 40 db.
AN569 16 rev. 0.3 3.14. fm audio output voltage 3.14.1. description the test measures fm audio volume level at an rf level of 60 dbvemf. 3.14.2. conditions/procedure 1. connect test equipment as shown in figure 1. 2. configure the tuner in standard configuration. 3. configure the audio analyzer: a. select analyze. b. set function = thd+n/sinad. i. set measurement mode = sinad. ii. set unit = db. iii. set filter = a-weighting. iv. set frequency limit low = 300 hz. v. set frequency limit high = 15000 hz. 4. configure generator: a. set carrier frequency = 98 mhz. b. set rf level = 60 db v. c. select fm modulation. i. set fm deviation = 22.5 khz. ii. set source = lfgen. iii. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. d. enable modulation. e. enable carrier. 5. test the audio voltage at fm tuner audio output pin lout or rout. 3.14.3. pass criteria fm audio output voltage level should range from 72 to 90 mvrms.
AN569 rev. 0.3 17 3.15. fm adjacent channe l selectivity (200 khz) 3.15.1. description the test quantifies receiver vulnerabilit y to adjacent-channel signals at offset 200 khz from desired signal. this is a data sheet specification; two signal generators and one power combiner are used in the test. 3.15.2. conditions/procedure 1. connect test equipment as shown in figure 2. 2. configure the tuner in standard configuration. 3. configure the audio analyzer: a. select analyze. b. set function = rms select. i. set bandwidth = bp 3%. ii. set units = dbv. iii. set frequency mode = fix: 1 khz. 4. configure generator #1: a. set carrier frequency = 98 mhz. b. set rf level vrf0 = 40 db v. c. select fm modulation. i. set fm deviation = 22.5 khz. ii. set source = lfgen. iii. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. d. enable modulation. e. enable carrier. 5. record the audio level, vaudio0. 6. disable generator modulation. 7. configure generator #2: a. set carrier frequency = 98.2 mhz. b. set rf level = 60 db v. c. select fm modulation. i. set fm deviation = 22.5 khz. ii. set source = lfgen. iii. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. d. enable modulation. e. enable carrier. 8. adjust generator #2 rf level*, vrf1, until the audio level, vaudio1 = vaudio0 ? 30 db. 9. selectivity adja cent channel +200k (db) = vrf1 ? vrf0. 10. configure generator #2: a. set carrier frequency = 97.8 mhz. b. set rf level = 60 db v. c. select fm modulation. i. set fm deviation = 22.5 khz. ii. set source = lfgen. iii. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz.
AN569 18 rev. 0.3 d. enable modulation. e. enable carrier. 11. adjust generator #2 rf level*, vrf2, unt il the audio level, vaudio1 = vaudio0 ? 30 db. 12. selectivity adjacent channel ?200 k (db) = vrf2 ? vrf0. 13. selectivity adjacent channel 200 k = minimum (vrf1 ? vrf0, vrf2 ? vrf0). *note: generator #1 rf level is set to 40 db v to be able to get selectivity results greater than 60 db. this is not a limitation of the fm tuner or the evaluation board. maximum rf level setting for the r&s sml01 signal generator is 120 db v. you cannot increase the rf level beyond this value, so if vrf0 = 60 db v, selectivity numbers would be limited to 60 db. 3.15.3. pass criteria fm adjacent channel selectivity should be more than 50 db. 3.16. fm alternate chan nel selectivity (400 khz) 3.16.1. description the test quantifies receiver vu lnerability to alternate-channe l signals at offset 400 kh z from desired signal. this is a data sheet specification; two signal generators and one power combiner are used in the test. 3.16.2. conditions/procedure 1. connect test equipment as shown in figure 2. 2. configure the tuner in standard configuration. 3. configure the audio analyzer: a. select analyze. b. set function = rms select. i. set bandwidth = bp 3%. ii. set units = dbv. iii. set frequency mode = fix: 1 khz. 4. configure generator #1: a. set carrier frequency = 98 mhz. b. set rf level vrf0 = 40 db v. c. select fm modulation. i. set fm deviation = 22.5 khz. ii. set source = lfgen. iii. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. d. enable modulation. e. enable carrier. 5. record the audio level, vaudio0. 6. disable generator modulation. 7. configure generator #2: a. set carrier frequency = 98.4 mhz (alternate channel +400 k). b. set rf level = 60 db v. c. select fm modulation. i. set fm deviation = 22.5 khz. ii. set source = lfgen. iii. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. d. enable modulation. e. enable carrier.
AN569 rev. 0.3 19 8. adjust generator #2 rf level*, vrf1, until the audio level, vaudio1 = vaudio0 ? 30 db. 9. selectivity alternate channel +400 k (db) = vrf1 ? vrf0. 10. configure generator #2: a. set carrier frequency = 97.6 mhz (alternate channel ?400 k). b. set rf level = 60 db v. c. select fm modulation. i. set fm deviation = 22.5 khz. ii. set source = lfgen. iii. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. d. enable modulation. e. enable carrier. 11. adjust generator #2 rf level*, vrf2, unt il the audio level, vaudio1 = vaudio0 ? 30 db. 12. selectivity alternate channel ?400 k (db) = vrf2 ? vrf0. 13. selectivity alternate channel 400 k = minimum (vrf1 ? vrf0, vrf2 ? vrf0). *note: generator #1 rf level is set to 40 db v to be able to get selectivity results greater than 60 db. this is not a limitation of the fm tuner or the evaluation board. maximum rf level setting for the r&s sml01 signal generator is 120 db v. you cannot increase the rf level beyond this value, so if vrf0 = 60 db v, selectivity numbers would be limited to 60 db. 3.16.3. pass criteria fm alternate channel selectivit y should be more than 60 db.
AN569 20 rev. 0.3 3.17. fm stereo pilot rejection 3.17.1. description stereo pilot rejection is the quality criterion of a tuner that is measured as the ratio of wanted audio frequency voltage to pilot frequency voltage according to the equation: 3.17.2. conditions/procedure 1. connect test equipment as shown in figure 1. 2. configure the tuner in standard configuration. 3. configure the audio analyzer: a. select analyze. b. set function = rms select. i. set bandwidth = bp 3%. ii. set units = dbv. iii. set frequency mode = fix: 1 khz. 4. configure generator: a. set carrier frequency = 98 mhz. b. set rf level = 60 db v. c. select stereo modulation. i. set fm deviation = 67.5 khz. ii. set l = 1, r = 1. iii. set source = lfgen. iv. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. v. set pre-emphasis = 75 s. vi. set pilot = on. vii. set pilot deviation = 6.75 khz. d. enable modulation. e. enable carrier. 5. adjust volume control wheel to get audio output level rms = ?20 dbv. 6. audio 1 khz level (dbv) = v1 khz. 7. disable 1 khz tone (by disabling 1 khz source, not stereo mod). 8. configure audio analyzer frequency mode = fix: 19 khz. 9. audio 19 khz level (dbv) = v19khz. 10. pilot rejection (relat ive to pilot) (db) = v1khz ? v19 khz + 20*log10 ( ? pilot/ ? f) = v1khz ? v19 khz ? 20. 3.17.3. pass criteria fm stereo pilot rejection should be more than 40 db. pilot rejection vaudio0 (1 khz) 20 ? ? pilot ? f ? ? ? vaudio0 19 khz ?? where ? f is fm frequency deviation and ? pilot is pilot frequency deviation. ? log + =
AN569 rev. 0.3 21 4. am/sw tuner testing setup 4.1. am/sw common setup am tuner standard configuration. ?? tune tuner exactly to am frequency = 1000 khz. see the si4831/35/36/20/24/25 demo board user's guide for details. ?? rf level at the antenna input 74 dbvemf. ?? set volume to maximum unless otherwise specified. ?? ensure cable length between the generator and antenna input is as short as possible. sw tuner standard configuration. ?? tune tuner exactly to sw frequency = 11.85 mhz. see si4835/36/24/25 demo board user's guide for details. ?? rf level at the antenna input 74 dbvemf. ?? set volume to maximum unless otherwise specified. ?? connect sg to the antenna input through an antenna dummy (10 pf cap in series); cable length between the generator and antenna input should be as short as possible. figure 3. am tuner setup with one generator
! ' (#) "# "# *+, *+,
$-$ ()
AN569 22 rev. 0.3 figure 4. am tuner setup with two generators figure 5. am tuner radiation test setup !

$ "%& "# "# *+, *+,
$-$ () ' (#) ! /%
"# "# *+, *+,
$-$ () ' (#)
AN569 rev. 0.3 23 figure 6. sw tuner setup with one generator figure 7. sw tuner setup with two generators am/sw tuner test equipment lists: ?? rohde & schwarz upl audio analyzer ?? rohde &schwarz sml01 signal generator ?? mini-circuits power combiner ?? sw antenna dummy
! ,%% 0 "# "# *+, *+,
$-$ () ' (#) ,%% 0

$ "%& ! "# "# *+, *+,
$-$ () ' (#)
AN569 24 rev. 0.3 figure 8. sw antenna dummy circuit 4.2. am/sw tuner testing considerations several issues must be considered to make accura te measurements. first, the power combiner and cable lo sses must be calibrated and factored into each measurement. the loss for the mini-circuit power comb iner is approximately 6 db. second, most signal generators display the voltage genera ted at the input of the device under test (dut) assuming an input resistance of 50 ? . for example, if the signal generator displays vl = 1 v (0 db v), the generator source voltage vs is 2 v (6 db v). the load voltage vl is generated from the source voltage vs by the voltage divider created by the 50 ? generator source resistance rs and the 50 ? load resistance rl. this distinction is important only for sensitivity, which is specified in v emf*, where emf refers to the source voltage vs. measurements such as am suppression, selectivity, and spurious response are relative and may be referenced using vs or vl. to summarize, the generator displays the voltage at the in put of the dut. input impeda nce for the si4831/35/36/20/ 24/25 tuner is high, so to convert the value displayed on the signal generator to emf, double the voltage (add 6db). for sw testing, connect the sg to the antenna input thr ough an antenna dummy to simulate the characteristics of normal whip antenna at sw frequency band.
AN569 rev. 0.3 25 5. am/sw testing procedure 5.1. am/sw tuning frequency range 5.1.1. description the test checks the lowest possible tuning frequency and th e highest possible tuning frequency of a selected band of si4831/35/36/20/24/25 am/sw receiver. 5.1.2. conditions/procedure 1. connect test equipment as shown in figure 3 or figure 6. 2. configure the tuner in standard configuration. 3. configure the audio analyzer: a. select analyze. b. set function = thd+n/sinad. i. set measurement mode = sinad. ii. set unit = db. iii. set filter = a-weighting. iv. set frequency limit low = 300 hz. v. v. set frequency limit high = 15000 hz. 4. configure generator: a. select am modulation. i. set am modulation depth = 30%. ii. set source = lfgen. iii. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. iv. set rf level = 20 db v. b. enable am modulation. c. enable rf carrier. 5. slide band switch to select am1/sw1 band for testing. 6. turn tuning wheel to the lowest possible position. 7. adjust signal generator rf (by 10 khz step), un til the measured sinad reaches maximum level. record this rf frequency as the lowest tuning frequency fmin. 8. repeat for highest tuning frequency point fmax. 9. repeat for other am/sw band testing. 5.1.3. pass criteria the am/sw tuning frequency range should be the am/sw band frequency range, refer to the si4831/35/36/20/24/ 25 demo board user's guide.
AN569 26 rev. 0.3 5.2. am/sw sensitivity 5.2.1. description sensitivity is the rf level in db vemf at the input of the antenna at which audio sinad equals 26db. 5.2.2. conditions/procedure 1. connect test equipment as shown in figures 3 or 6. 2. configure the tuner in standard configuration. 3. configure the audio analyzer: a. select analyze. b. set function = thd+n/sinad. i. set measurement mode = sinad. ii. set unit = db. iii. set filter = a-weighting. iv. set frequency limit low = 300 hz. v. set frequency limit high = 15000 hz. 4. configure generator: a. set carrier frequency = 1000 khz (11.85 mhz for shortwave). b. select am modulation. i. set am modulation depth = 30%. ii. set source = lfgen. iii. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. c. enable am modulation. d. enable rf carrier. 5. adjust generator rf le vel, vrf0, until audio analyzer sinad = 26 db 1 db. 6. sensitivity (db v) = vrf0. 5.2.3. pass criteria am/sw sensitivity should be no more than 33 dbvemf.
AN569 rev. 0.3 27 5.3. am sensitivity?radiation 5.3.1. description sensitivity is the rf level in dbvemf at the input of the standard am loop antenna connected to signal generator, when the demo board output audio sinad equals 26 db. 5.3.2. conditions/procedure 1. connect test equipment as shown in figure 5. 2. configure the tuner in standard configuration; th is test must be conducted inside a shielded room. 3. configure the audio analyzer: a. select analyze. b. set function = thd+n/sinad. i. set measurement mode = sinad. ii. set unit = db. iii. set filter = a-weighting. iv. set frequency limit low = 300 hz. v. set frequency limit high = 15000 hz. 4. configure generator: a. set carrier frequency = 1000 khz. b. select am modulation. i. set am modulation depth = 30%. ii. set source = lfgen. iii. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. c. enable am modulation. d. enable rf carrier. 5. adjust generator rf level, vrf0, until audio analyzer sinad = 26 db 1 db. 6. sensitivity (db v) = vrf0. note: tx antenna is the standard am loop antenna; rx antenna is the ferrite loop stick antenna mounted on the si4831/35/36/ 20/24/25 demo board or air loop antenna that can be connected to the demo board. distance between tx antenna and rx antenna is 60 cm, center to center. 5.3.3. pass criteria am radiation sensitivity should be no more than 78 dbvemf.
AN569 28 rev. 0.3 5.4. am/sw image rejection 5.4.1. description the test measures the am/sw im age rejection of the tuner. 5.4.2. conditions/procedure 1. connect test equipment as shown in figure 3 or figure 6. 2. configure the tuner in standard configuration. 3. configure the audio analyzer: a. select analyze. b. set function = thd+n/sinad. i. set measurement mode = sinad. ii. set unit = db. iii. set filter = a-weighting. iv. set frequency limit low = 300 hz. v. set frequency limit high = 15000 hz. 4. configure generator: a. set carrier frequency = 1000 khz (11.85 mhz for shortwave). b. select am modulation. i. set am modulation depth = 30%. ii. set source = lfgen. iii. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. c. enable am modulation. d. enable rf carrier. 5. adjust generator rf level, vrf1, until audio analyzer sinad = 26 db 1 db. 6. record the rf level = vrf1. 7. change generator carrier frequency to 1090 khz (11.76 mhz for shortwave). 8. adjust generator rf le vel*, vrf2, until audio analyzer sinad = 26 db 1 db. 9. record the rf level = vrf2. 10. image rejection (db) = vrf2 ? vrf1. *note: maximum rf level setting for the r&s sml01 signal generator is 120 db v. you cannot increase the rf level beyond this value. so if you adjust generator rf level from vrf1 to 120 db v, the audio analyzer sinad still can not get to the sinad = 26 db 1 db, and your image rejection will be better than 120 db v ? vrf1. 5.4.3. pass criteria am/sw image rejection should be no less than 60 db.
AN569 rev. 0.3 29 5.5. am/sw selectivity ?6 db 5.5.1. description the test measures the am/sw frequency range when audio output level drops by 6 db. 5.5.2. conditions/procedure 1. connect test equipment as shown in figure 3 or figure 6. 2. configure the tuner in standard configuration. 3. configure the audio analyzer: a. select analyze. b. set function = thd+n/sinad. i. set measurement mode = sinad. ii. set unit = db. iii. set filter = a-weighting. iv. set frequency limit low = 300 hz. v. set frequency limit high = 15000 hz. 4. configure generator: a. set carrier frequency = 1000 khz (11.85 mhz for shortwave). b. select am modulation. i. set am modulation depth = 30%. ii. set source = lfgen. iii. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. c. enable am modulation. d. enable rf carrier. 5. adjust generator rf level vrf1, until audio analyzer sinad = 26 db 1 db 6. record the audio output level (dbv) = vaudio0 7. raise the signal generator rf frequency fh, until audio output level vaudio1 = vaudio0-6. 8. lower the signal generator rf frequency fl, until audio output level vaudio1 = vaudio0-6. 9. selectivity ?6db (khz) = fh ? fl. 5.5.3. pass criteria am/sw selectivity ?6db should be no more than 35 khz.
AN569 30 rev. 0.3 5.6. am/sw adjacent channel selectivity 5.6.1. description the test measures am/sw rece iver susceptibility to blocke rs at adjacent channel (+ 10 khz or + 9 khz). two signal generators and one power combiner are used in the test. 5.6.2. conditions/procedure 1. connect test equipment as shown in figure 4 or figure 7. 2. configure the tuner in standard configuration. 3. configure the audio analyzer: a. select analyze. b. set function = rms select. i. set bandwidth = bp 3%. ii. set units = dbv. iii. set frequency mode = fix: 1 khz. 4. configure generator #1: a. set carrier frequency = 1000 khz (11.85 mhz for shortwave). b. set rf level vrf0 = 40 db v. 1 c. select am modulation. i. set am modulation depth = 30%. ii. set source = lfgen. iii. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. d. enable am modulation. e. enable rf carrier. 5. record the audio level, vaudio0. 6. disable generator modulation. 7. configure generator #2: a. set carrier frequency = 1010 khz (adjacent channel +10 k). 2,3,4 b. set rf level = 50 db v. c. select am modulation. i. set am modulation depth = 30%. ii. set source = lfgen. iii. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. d. enable am modulation. e. enable rf carrier. 8. adjust generator #2 rf level*, vrf1, until the audio level, vaudio1 = vaudio0 ? 30 db. 9. selectivity adja cent channel +10k (db) = vrf1 ? vrf0. 10. configure generator #2: a. set carrier frequency = 990 khz (adjacent channel ?10 k). 2,3,4 b. set rf level = 50 db v. c. select am modulation. i. set am modulation depth = 30%. ii. set source = lfgen. iii. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz.
AN569 rev. 0.3 31 d. enable am modulation. e. enable rf carrier. 11. adjust generator #2 rf level*, vrf2, unt il the audio level, vaudio1 = vaudio0 ? 30 db. 12. selectivity adjacent chann el ?10 k (db) = vrf2 ? vrf0. 13. selectivity adjacent channel 10 k = minimum (vrf1 ? vrf0, vrf2 ? vrf0). notes: 1. generator #1 rf level is set to 40 db v to be able to get selectivity results greater than 60 db. this is not a limitation of the fm tuner or the evaluation board. maximum rf level setting for the r&s sml01 signal generator is 120 db v. you cannot increase the rf level beyond this value, so if vrf0 = 60 db v, selectivity numbers would be limited to 60 db. 2. for shortwave, the adjacent channel is defined as rf 10 k. 3. for the am band with 10 khz channel space, t he adjacent channel will be 10 khz away (rf 10 k). 4. for the am band with 9 khz channel space, the adjacent channel will be 9 khz away (rf 9 k). 5.6.3. pass criteria am adjacent channel selectiv ity 10 khz (or 9 khz) shou ld be no less than 52 db. sw adjacent channel selectivity 10 khz should be no less than 35 db. 5.7. am/sw audio frequency response 5.7.1. description audio frequency response is the measure of linearity of ou tput voltage vs. modulation frequency across the audio band. 5.7.2. conditions/procedure 1. connect test equipment as shown in figure 3 or figure 6. 2. configure the tuner in standard configuration. 3. configure the audio analyzer: a. select analyze. b. set function = rms select. i. set bandwidth = bp 3%. ii. set units = dbv. iii. set frequency mode = fix: 1 khz. 4. configure generator #1: a. set carrier frequency = 1000 khz (11.85 mhz for shortwave). b. set rf level vrf0 = 74 db vemf. c. select am modulation. i. set am modulation depth = 30%. ii. set source = lfgen. iii. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. d. enable am modulation. e. enable rf carrier. 5. audio 1 khz level (dbv) = v1 khz. 6. configure audio analyzer frequency mode throug h rms select function. set frequency mode = fix: 50 hz. 7. configure generator lfgen frequency = 50 hz. 8. audio 50 hz level (dbv) = v50 hz. 9. configure audio analyzer frequency mode throug h rms select function. set frequency mode = fix: 3 khz. 10. configure generator lfgen frequency = 3 khz.
AN569 32 rev. 0.3 11. audio 3 khz level (dbv) = v3 khz. 12. audio frequency response (db) equals the greater magnitude of (v50hz ? v1khz) and (v3khz ? v1khz). 5.7.3. pass criteria the greater magnitude of (v50hz ? v1khz) and (v 3khz ? v1khz) should be no more than 20 db. 5.8. am/sw thd 5.8.1. description the test measures am/sw thd at an rf level of 74 dbvemf. 5.8.2. conditions/procedure 1. connect test equipment as shown in figure 3 or figure 6. 2. configure the tuner in standard configuration. 3. configure the audio analyzer: a. select analyze. b. set function = thd. i. set measurement mode = all di (all harmonics). ii. set unit = %. 4. configure generator: a. set carrier frequency = 1000 khz (11.85 mhz for shortwave). b. select am modulation. i. set am modulation depth = 30%. ii. set source = lfgen. iii. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. c. set rf level = 74 db vemf. d. enable am modulation. e. enable rf (carrier). 5. record thd (%). 5.8.3. pass criteria am/sw thd should be no more than 0.5%.
AN569 rev. 0.3 33 5.9. am/sw thd at high modulation depth 5.9.1. description the test measures am/sw th d at 90% modulation depth. 5.9.2. conditions/procedure 1. connect test equipment as shown in figure 3 or figure 6. 2. configure the tuner in standard configuration. 3. configure the audio analyzer: a. select analyze. b. set function = thd. i. set measurement mode = all di (all harmonics). ii. set unit = %. 4. configure generator: a. set carrier frequency = 1000 khz (11.85 mhz for shortwave). b. select am modulation. i. set am modulation depth = 90%. ii. set source = lfgen. iii. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. c. set rf level = 74 db vemf. d. enable am modulation. e. enable rf (carrier). 5. adjust volume control wheel to get audio output level rms = ?14 dbv. 6. record thd (%). 5.9.3. pass criteria am/sw thd at high modulation depth should be no more than 0.5%.
AN569 34 rev. 0.3 5.10. am/sw audio output voltage 5.10.1. description the test measures am/sw audio volume level at an rf level of 74 dbvemf. 5.10.2. conditions/procedure 1. connect test equipment as shown in figure 3 or figure 6. 2. configure the tuner in standard configuration. 3. configure the audio analyzer: a. select analyze. b. set function = thd+n/sinad. i. set measurement mode = sinad. ii. set unit = db. iii. set filter = a-weighting. iv. set frequency limit low = 300 hz. v. set frequency limit high = 15000 hz. 4. configure generator: a. set carrier frequency = 1000 khz. (11.85 mhz for shortwave) b. select am modulation. i. set am modulation depth = 30%. ii. set source = lfgen. iii. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. c. set rf level = 74 db vemf. d. enable am modulation. e. enable rf (carrier). 5. test the audio voltage at fm tuner audio output pin lout or rout. 5.10.3. pass criteria tuner am/sw audio output level is between 54 and 67 mvrms.
AN569 rev. 0.3 35 5.11. am/sw audio snr 5.11.1. description the test measures am/sw snr performance with a desired signal with rf level of 74 dbvemf. 5.11.2. conditions/procedure 1. connect test equipment as shown in figure 3 or figure 6. 2. configure the tuner in standard configuration. 3. configure the audio analyzer: a. select analyze. b. set function = thd+n/sinad. i. set measurement mode = noise. ii. set unit = db. iii. set filter = a-weighting. iv. set frequency limit low = 300 hz. v. set frequency limit high = 15000 hz. 4. configure generator: a. set carrier frequency = 1000 khz (11.85 mhz for shortwave). b. select am modulation. i. set am modulation depth = 30%. ii. set source = lfgen. iii. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. c. set rf level = 74 db vemf. d. enable am modulation. e. enable rf carrier. 5. record snr (db) = noise (db). 5.11.3. pass criteria am/sw snr should be no less than 52 db.
AN569 36 rev. 0.3 5.12. am/sw sinad 5.12.1. description the test measures am sinad with the desired signal at an rf level of 74 dbvemf. 5.12.2. conditions/procedure 1. connect test equipment as shown in figure 3 or figure 6. 2. configure the tuner in standard configuration. 3. configure the audio analyzer: a. select analyze. b. set function = thd+n/sinad. i. set measurement mode = sinad. ii. set unit = db. iii. set filter = a-weighting. iv. set frequency limit low = 300 hz. v. set frequency limit high = 15000 hz. 4. configure generator: a. set carrier frequency = 1000 khz (11.85 mhz for shortwave). b. select am modulation. i. set am modulation depth = 30%. ii. set source = lfgen. iii. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. c. set rf level = 74 db vemf. d. enable am modulation. e. enable rf carrier. 5. record sinad (db) = sinad (db). 5.12.3. pass criteria am/sw sinad should be more than 50 db.
AN569 rev. 0.3 37 5.13. am/sw sinad at high modulation depth 5.13.1. description the test measures am/sw sinad with the desired signal at an rf level of 74 dbvemf and modulation depth of 90%. 5.13.2. conditions/procedure 1. connect test equipment as shown in figure 3 or figure 6. 2. configure the tuner in standard configuration. 3. configure the audio analyzer: a. select analyze. b. set function = thd+n/sinad. i. set measurement mode = sinad. ii. set unit = db. iii. set filter = a-weighting. iv. set frequency limit low = 300 hz. v. set frequency limit high = 15000 hz. 4. configure generator: a. set carrier frequency = 1000 khz (11.85 mhz for shortwave). b. select am modulation. i. set am modulation depth = 90%. ii. set source = lfgen. iii. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. c. set rf level = 74 db vemf. d. enable am modulation. e. enable rf carrier. 5. adjust volume control wheel to get audio output level rms = ?14 dbv. 6. record sinad (db) = sinad (db). 5.13.3. pass criteria am/sw sinad at high modulation depth should be more than 40 db.
AN569 38 rev. 0.3 5.14. am/sw tuning indicator sensitivity 5.14.1. description the test measures the needed rf input level to turn on the tuning indicator. 5.14.2. conditions/procedure 1. connect test equipment as shown in figure 3 or figure 6. 2. configure the tuner in standard configuration. 3. configure the audio analyzer: a. select analyze. b. set function = thd+n/sinad. i. set measurement mode = sinad. ii. set unit = db. iii. set filter = a-weighting. iv. set frequency limit low = 300 hz. v. set frequency limit high = 15000 hz. 4. configure generator: a. set carrier frequency = 1000 khz (11.85 mhz for shortwave). b. select am modulation. i. set am modulation depth = 30%. ii. set source = lfgen. iii. set lfgen frequency = 1 khz. c. set rf level = 60 db v. d. enable am modulation. e. enable rf carrier. 5. decrease signal generator rf level until the tuning indicator turns off. 6. increase signal generator rf level vrf0 from low to high until tuning indicator turns on. 7. tuning indicator sensitivity = vrf0. 5.14.3. pass criteria am tuning indicator sensitivity should be no more than 22 dbv. sw tuning indicator sensitivity should be no more than 20 dbv.
AN569 rev. 0.3 39 d ocument c hange l ist : revision 0.2 to revision 0.3 ?? updated the title. ?? updated figures 1-7. ?? updated "1. introduction" ?? updated "2. fm tuner testing setup" ?? updated "3.1. fm tuning frequency range" ?? updated "4. am/sw tuner testing setup" ?? updated "5.1 am/sw tuning frequency range" ?? updated "5.5 am/sw selective ?6 db"
disclaimer silicon laboratories intends to provide customers with the latest, accurate, and in-depth documentation of all peripherals and modules available for system and software implementers using or intending to use the silicon laboratories products. characterization data, available modules and peripherals, memory sizes and memory addresses refer to each specific device, and "typical" parameters provided can and do vary in different applications. application examples described herein are for illustrative purposes only. silicon laboratories reserves the right to make changes without further notice and limitation to product information, specifications, and descriptions herein, and does not give warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of the included information. silicon laboratories shall have no liability for the consequences of use of the information supplied herein. this document does not imply or express copyright licenses granted hereunder to design or fabricate any integrated circuits. the products must not be used within any life support system without the specific written consent of silicon laboratories. a "life support system" is any product or system intended to support or sustain life and/or health, which, if it fails, can be reasonably expected to result in significant personal injury or death. silicon laboratories products are generally not intended for military applications. silicon laboratories products shall under no circumstances be used in weapons of mass destruction including (but not limited to) nuclear, biological or chemical weapons, or missiles capable of delivering such weapons. trademark information silicon laboratories inc., silicon laboratories, silicon labs, silabs and the silicon labs logo, cmems?, efm, efm32, efr, energy micro, energy micro logo and combinations thereof, "the world?s most energy friendly microcontrollers", ember?, ezlink?, ezmac?, ezradio?, ezradiopro?, dspll?, isomodem ?, precision32?, proslic?, siphy?, usbxpress? and others are trademarks or registered trademarks of silicon laboratories inc. arm, cortex, cortex-m3 and thumb are trademarks or registered trademarks of arm holdings. keil is a registered trademark of arm limited. all other products or brand names mentioned herein are trademarks of their respective holders. http://www.silabs.com silicon laboratories inc. 400 west cesar chavez austin, tx 78701 usa smart. connected. energy-friendly products www.silabs.com/products quality www.silabs.com/quality support and community community.silabs.com

▲Up To Search▲

Price & Availability of AN569

	To Download AN569 Datasheet File
If you can't view the Datasheet, Please click here to try to view without PDF Reader .